Nvqundertake Physiological Measurements free essay sample

You would think the pressure would drop to zero when the heart wasn’t beating however this isn’t the case. Due to the elasticity of the arteries which recoil during relaxation of the heart and expands during the beat, this keeps the pressure within the limits required to perfuse the tissues of the body. High blood pressure or hypertension is known as the â€Å"silent killer†. This is because it rarely has obvious symptoms, around 30% of people in England have high blood pressure but many don’t know it. As we said above blood pressure is the force on our vascular system. If this pressure is too high it can put strain on our arteries and heart, which can lead to MI, CVA or kidney disease. You are said to have high blood pressure (hypertension) if readings on separate occasions consistently show your blood pressure to be 140/90mmHg or higher. Low blood pressure or hypotension is a condition where the blood pressure is abnormally low. We will write a custom essay sample on Nvqundertake Physiological Measurements or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From above you would think this was only a good thing. But unfortunately a systolic blood pressure of below 90mmHg can cause real problems. The lower you blood pressure becomes the less blood reaches our vital organs like the brain. This can cause simple symptoms such as dizziness or faints. However prolonged hypotension below 80-90mmHg can cause toxins to build up in the blood, this is because the kidneys need a certain amount of blood pressure to filter the blood properly. This can be fatal if left untreated. 2. 2 Body temperature is a measurement of the body’s ability to generate or get rid of excess heat. When the body gets to hot the blood vessels near the skin dilate to carry the excess heat to your skins surface. You will also begin to sweat as the sweat evaporates this helps cool you body. When the body becomes too cold our blood vessels contract, this reduces the blood flow to the skins surface to conserve body heat. As we become colder the body can start an involuntary response called shivering. This is where the muscles of the body rapidly contract this extra muscle activity helps generate more heat. Normal body temperature is around 37 °C this is an average of normal body temperatures. Your temperature may actually be 0. 6 °C above or below 37 °C depending on the outside temperature or you level of activity. Pyrexia is an elevated body temperature usually above 37. 5 °C. This is one of the ways are immune system attempt to fight an infection. Usually the rise in body temperature helps fight the infection however sometimes the body’s temperature can rise too much. This condition is known as Hyperpyrexia. Hyperpyrexia is when the body’s temperature rises above 41 °C. This condition is normal more common in children and young adults, it is extremely dangerous and requires immediate medical intervention. Hypothermia is the opposite of pyrexia. Hypothermia is when the body temperature drops below 35 °C. Hypothermia is usually caused by being in a cold environment. This can be outside in cold conditions but many elderly patients are in there own home without heating on. Hypothermia can quickly become life-threatening so should be treated quickly. 2. 3 Respiratory rate is the number of breaths a person takes over 60 seconds. This is usually taken at rest by counting the amount of times a person chest rises over 30secs, then times that figure by two. It is important you do this without the patient knowing as this can dramatically affect the rate. A normal respiratory rate is anywhere between 10-20 breaths per minute. This number can vary greatly depending on the person individual fitness level, or the patient’s level of activity immediately before the assessment (at rest or exercising). The brain stem is the primary controller of respiratory rate. It receives input from sensors that detect oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood. In ill patients especially patients with COPD who brain works slightly differently with regards to oxygen levels. If we introduce higher levels of oxygen than they are use to we can actually cause the brain to stop the person breathing. Other conditions such as severe head injuries to the brain can cause damage to the brain stem again effecting/stopping the patient’s respiratory rate. The presence of drugs or alcohol is an important factor that also can affect respiratory rate. Certain prescription drugs, such as narcotic pain relievers can depress the respiratory center in the brainstem. High levels of alcohol have the same effect which can cause respiratory arrest. 2. 4 A normal pulse rate for and adult is between 60-100 beats per minute. Babies infants and children can have massively different pulse rates. To take a patients pulse you first need to find a pulse site on the body. There are many pulse sites on the body but the top five are as followed; 1. Carotid side of the neck 2. Radial the wrist 3. Femoral near the groin 4. Pedal on the foot 5. Brachial at the inside of the elbow or under the shoulder. Factors which can affect pulse rate are as followed activity level, fitness level, body position (standing up or lying down, for example) emotions, body size or medications. Patients with high blood pressure can be treated with a drug called a beta blocker this simply reduces the pulse rate which in turn helps reduces blood pressure. Pulse oximerty is an extremely important tool. It is non-invasive technique to monitor oxygenation. It monitors the percentage of haemoglobin that is oxygen-saturated. Oxygen saturation (SATS) should normally always be above 95%, although patients with chronic conditions such as COPD it will be lower. The patient will usually no their own individual oxygen SATS. Treating a patient with COPD must be done carefully, as stated above high oxygen levels could cause these patients to go into respiratory arrest. With that in mind patients must be treated individually. A normal health person with SATS below 95% will probably need treatment with either a nebulizer or high flow oxygen. However all the observations must be taken into consideration when treating any patient. 2. 5 BMI is a measurement to see if your weight is healthy for your height. For most adults, an ideal BMI is in the range 18. 5 to 24. 9. If your BMI is 25 or more, you’re over the ideal weight for your height: * 25 to 29. 9 is overweight * 30 to 39. 9 is obese * 40 or more is very obese If your BMI is less than 18. 5, youre under the ideal weight for your height. By using this index a patient can control the dietary intake to control weight gain or loss to ensure they stay within the ideal range.

Agias, from the Doachos Monument

Agias, from the Doachos Monument Agias, from the Doachos MonumentThroughout the history of Greek art, the fourth century classical, or late classical, includes very careful attention to the anatomy of the human body. This is especially true in the sculptures created. There were even formulas for calculating the "ideal" proportions of the human body that sculptors would follow. A proficient example of a sculpture from this period is the Agias, from the Doachos Monument. The sculptor is believed to be Lysippos. The monument was a gift from King Doachos of Thessaly dedicated to Delphi, and was built in 344-343 B.C.E. A marble copy survives today and is at the museum in Delphi, but the original bronze was probably melted down. A cast of the sculpture can be seen today in the Metropolitan Museum of Art Cast Collection in Fairfield University's Loyola Hall.The sculpture of Agias has very well toned and formed body muscle.Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA : Carrol...Being that he was a Greek wrestler or boxer, his muscles are very well developed, and the sculptor accented this by deep grooves to exhibit definition. The sculpture stands in a contrapposto pose, halfway between stillness and motion. The sculpture is in more of a naturalistic state, and not as idealized as previous sculptures. The body definition is not as emphasized and not as well defined in comparison to other sculptures, such as the kouros we have seen in the Met. The sculpture's legs and torso are elongated, and the head seems to be smaller in proportion. Agias stands about 2 meters tall. When looking at the sculpture from the doorway, you can see a slight "S" curve in the body, which was a trademark of Praxitles. The shift in the weight of the body, and its balance is very realistic. When looking from closer, one can...

Concealed carry Laws in Illinois vs other states like texas Term Paper

Concealed carry Laws in Illinois vs other states like texas - Term Paper Example Later, as the crime rate in public increased by the assailants, many states passed law for concealed carry to prevent individuals from such criminals. Many States in America have recognized the need of concealed carry and subsequent legislations were made. However, in the state of Illinois the bill of concealed carry was not passed in the Assembly even though there are strong demands from people to legalize concealed carry in the state of Illinois. In Illinois the state had taken ample measures for the control of gun. Jens Ludwig and Philip J. Cook in their work Evaluating gun Policy deal elaborately with Firearm Owners Identification (FOID) card which the gun owners need to gain. It prevents the spread of gun among the civilians of the state. The owners can resell their guns to only those with valid FOID card holders. Moreover, they have implemented gun control in the state through radical measures. Thus, it can be seen that the Illinois system â€Å"provides gun owners with an inc entive to verify a buyer’s eligibility status and to resist requests to serve as straw purchaser for friends and family who are ineligible† (Ludwig & Cook, 2003, p. 10). This paper explores a study on the laws prevailing in the state of Illinois regarding the concealed carry, and further, an attempt is made to make a comparative study with other states in America as well. The laws connected with the carrying of firearms in public turned to be a matter of dispute among the states in America. Some states argue for concealed carry and they have made laws in favor of it, whereas the states like Illinois and Wisconsin have objected the notion. To many in Illinois concealed carry seem to a mere dream whereas people in most of the other states are privileged with this freedom. The state laws do not support concealed carry. Among the states 48 support concealed carry. The states that do not allow the citizens to carry a concealed hand gun are Illinois, Wisconsin and the Distric t of Columbia. Even though some relaxations are made in Wisconsin and in the District of Columbia, Illinois stands stubborn in the decision of not permitting the concealed carry. To quote governor of Illinois Pat Quinn’s words: â€Å"If you're going to the grocery store, you bump into somebody accidentally they take offense and they could pull out a loaded handgun to assuage their anger† (Governor to Veto Concealed Weapons? 2011). The growing demand to establish concealed carry from all walks of the people have made the government to think of the issue and grant permission for concealed carry. Some negotiations are on the move with regard to concealed carrying of guns in Illinois. Difference between Illinois and other states: In Illinois the carry of a fire weapon to a public place is prohibited, whereas many other states like Alaska, Arizona, Vermont, etc allow carry the fire arms concealed in public places. The state Arizona has even been exempted from the Federal Gu n Free School Zone Act of 1995.The act was made to prevent the use of gun at the premises of schools in America. As Hanks observes, â€Å"the Gun-Free School Zones Act makes it a federal offense to knowingly possess a firearm in a school zone† (Hanks , 2004, p. 16). Some States like Georgia allow those persons who have the license to carry guns to schools. In Illinois it is considered as a serious crime. The case of Joan E. Bruner versus The People of the state of Illinois gets the conclusion that even if a person has been found in

A critical theoretical and visual analysis of my experience of being a Essay

A critical theoretical and visual analysis of my experience of being a student at the University of the West of England in 2013 - Essay Example Workforce diversity is now considered as an essential business concern. According to Gaspar, et al., encompassing a highly diverse workforce is arguably one of the greatest assets of a company. However, the author emphasized that diversity is also responsible for raising a number of issues within the organization. In the similar context, the leadership activities within an organization also play a critical role towards its success. According to Khatri, pursuing the most effective leadership style is an integral function of a business organization. Scholars such as Stadtler, et al. deem that the success of an organization remain heavily dependent upon the quality and style of leadership being pursued. The significance of effective leadership increases to a large extent when the business encompasses diverse employees. However, the significance is not restrained with only business organization, but is applicable in every sphere of society. Hence, the same applies for the universities an d colleges around the world. Figure 1 – Diverse Groups and Teams The image above signifies how the integration of different culture and background helps in increasing the strength. According to Tuomela, a conjoint effort increases the strength and also helps in making pragmatic decisions. However, management of the diverse workforce is equally important in order to get the best out of it; else there are high chances of conflict among the members. Nowadays, students from all over the world like to complete their graduation and masters from renowned foreign universities and as a result of that, students from different cultural and religious background. The University of West England is one such university where students from different places, different religion and different culture come in to pursue their education. As a result of that students are being exposed to various kinds of risks as well as rewards. This statement can be supported by the theory put forwards by Gasper e t al. (2005), where they mention that diversity helps in bringing creativity and innovation, and also increases the overall strength. However, diversity may result in less cohesion and augments the chances of communication problems. In addition, mistrust among the group members can also take place. Thus the various kinds of risks and rewards are clearly demonstrated. In the context of a university, the role of leadership becomes evident when a group assignment needs to be accomplished. Therefore, it is evident that the theories which will be focused upon and emphasized in this paper are the pros and cons of diverse groups and teams and the role of leadership in minimizing its negative impacts. The subsequent section of the study will throw light on my experience of being a student at the University of the West of England in the context of working with diverse groups and teams and significance of leadership. My Experience of Work and Critical Analysis In order to showcase the impact of having diverse team members and the role played by effective leadership, I would like to underline an incident which took place during the last when I was working on group assignments. The university assigned me to carry out a group project on business management. The study was actually a research work and needed around 6 members. The group was divided by the professor and our group comprised of students from different places of the earth. We have members from the UK, Australia and India. The student from the UK was eventually made the group leader and we all happily accepted it as the study required knowledge of local people and he is one who has sound knowledge about UK people (culture, likings, disliking etc.). In addition, the English student has

Drug Dealer Liability Act Essay Example for Free

Drug Dealer Liability Act Essay Legislatures are passing a unique new statute that provides redress for those injured by illegal drugs. This new law has greatest impact on drug-crime relationship for the reason that, known as the Model Drug Dealer Liability Act (DDLA), makes drug dealers civilly liable to those injured by a driver under the influence of drugs, families who lose a child to illegal drugs and others injured by illegal drugs. It is essentially a products liability act for illegal drugs. According to Kevin G. Meeks (1998) that Michigan, Oklahoma, Illinois, Hawaii, Arkansas, California, South Dakota, Utah, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Colorado, South Carolina and the U. S. Virgin Islands have passed the Model Drug Dealer Liability Act. Existing law in the remaining 37 states does not clearly establish a means by which drug dealers can be made to pay damages for the injuries they cause. The Drug Dealer Liability Act fills that void. The first lawsuit brought under the Act resulted in a judgment on July 21, 1995 of $1 million in favor of a drug baby and more than $7 million to the city of Detroit’s expenses for providing drug treatment to inmates in Detroit jails. Two Detroit dealers were ordered to pay the damages to the drug baby’s siblings because the baby was born addicted to cocaine and was later bludgeoned to death by her mother while high on drugs. In Utah, the wife of a drug-using professional brought a Drug Dealer Liability Act case against her husband’s dealer of six years. The defendant in that case settled after losing his pretrial challenges to the Drug Dealer Liability Act. In South Dakota in April 2000 a jury returned a verdict under South Dakota’s Drug Dealer Liability Act in the amount of $268 Million in favor of a woman whose husband was killed in a head on collision with a driver under the influence of drugs. The defendant was not the driver of the car but the dealer who supplied drugs to the driver. Clinton W. Taylor (1999) said that the Drug Dealer Liability Act offers an added new approach to illegal drugs. Since it would be impossible to identify each person in a chain of illegal drug distribution, the Act establishes a form of â€Å"market liability† so a plaintiff need only prove that a defendant was distributing illegal drugs in the community of the user who caused the plaintiff’s injuries, that the distributor was distributing the same type of drug used by the user and that the defendant’s distribution in that community was during the period of time that the user was using. The plaintiff need not prove that the drug user received a specific defendant’s illegal drugs. Cases can be brought by guardians of drug babies, those injured by a drugged driver, families of adolescent users, employers and public hospitals that pay for treatment of drug babies and others. The principles of â€Å"market liability† or â€Å"market-share liability† in existing case law allow civil recovery from manufacturers of hazardous materials for injury caused by those materials that affect health, even if the source of the particular product that caused injury cannot be identified. The cases involving the pharmaceutical DES are examples. The DDLA is a legislatively created form of â€Å"market liability† to cause illegal drug dealers to pay damages for the injuries caused by their illegal drugs. According to Mark Hansen (1996) that the Act permits parents of children in drug treatment, those injured by drugged drivers, state and county public agencies that pay for drug treatment and/or illegal drug related medical care, hospitals caring for drug babies, insurers, employers and others who are injured because of illegal drugs to recover in a civil action any assets in the hands of drug dealers who have distributed drugs in their communities. Existing federal and state drug forfeiture laws require that the money seized from convicted drug dealers be returned to them unless it is directly connected to their drug crimes. In contrast, a dealer’s assets, income and future inheritance or other income are subject to payment to the plaintiff who successfully brings a lawsuit under the Drug Dealer Liability Act. As with any other civil tort liability, those assets do not have to be forfeitable in order for them to be recovered by a successful plaintiff. The Drug Dealer Liability Act is the first law of its kind to hold dealers who intentionally distribute illegal drugs liable for the injury they cause. It has received national attention on Larry King Live television program, CNN and the Wall Street Journal. The Act promises a new avenue for those who have suffered because of the sale of illegal drugs in their communities who just â€Å"don’t want to take it anymore! † The problem of illegal drugs merits attack from every source and with every available tool. The civil justice system is a powerful weapon. The approach outlined in the Drug Dealer Liability Act relies on the foundation of traditional tort law in a constrained and reasonable way to aim this weapon at one of the greatest challenges our society faces. The Act establishes reasonable limitations to balance the removal of practical obstacles to bringing a suit relying solely on traditional tort law. By enacting a specific cause of action against those who participate in the illegal drug market, the Drug Dealer Liability Act can work in tandem with the criminal justice system and drug education programs to help achieve drug free communities. Reference Kevin G. Meeks, Georgia Law Review, Fall, (1998), Note: FROM SINDELL TO STREET PUSHERS: IMPOSING MARKET SHARE TORT LIABILITY ON ILLEGAL DRUG DEALERS. Clinton W. Taylor, Oklahoma Law Review, Summer, (1999), THE OKLAHOMA DRUG DEALER LIABILITY ACT: A CIVIL REMEDY FOR A VICTIMLESS CRIME. Mark Hansen, (Dec. 1996) Just Say See You in Court: Drug Users Can Seek Dealers Cash Under New Liability Laws, A. B. A. J. , at 30.

How to Give a Good Presentation

How to Give a Good Presentation INTRODUCTION Oral presentation is a short talk where you show your knowledge on a particular subject and deliver an address to an audience. It is also the process of speaking to a group a people. Oral presentation skills can be learnt by anyone and these skills can help you deeply if you wish to perform well in the future. Most importantly, oral presentation can really help you to improve your social skills where you can enhance your self confidence and deal with any situation. Oral presentation also can heighten your academic and professional skills because it can be used in different ways and different stages or contexts especially in academic and business context. Furthermore, oral presentation will help to improve your leadership skills as you need to learn how to present yourself to audience. In a university or college, students are always required to give oral presentations in the classroom and during seminars. The ability to demonstrate effective oral presentations is very important to their further academic success. In order to become professional presenters, they need to enhance their academic and oral skills when preparing presentations. Ferris (1998) surveyed 683 foreigner English speaking undergraduates and postgraduates in an American university and the results show that 70% always, often or sometimes had problems in formal speech. Most students lack self-confidence to give oral academic presentations, especially for learner presenters. Therefore, the strategy students use in preparing presentations is very important. Oral presentation skills include topic choosing, effective visual aid, an appropriate speech opening and organization of presentation among other things. As graduate students need to give an oral presentation in the classroom and seminars, it is impo rtant to know that successful presentations depend on skills and strategies they use. In recent years, the English language has become the most important mode of communication in the world because English is spoken by more people than any other language. In order to sound educated and literate, people need to thoroughly study English. English is also usually used for communication in universities and colleges. Most lectures are conducted in English and the students need to be more involved in understanding English so that the learning process more effective. Therefore, with having proper English, the student can focus on their learning without being hindered by lack of communication skills. Nowadays, we must use proper English and good speech if we want to advance in the professional world. While working in any field, one has to be professional and studying English is important in order to gain a good career in your life. One has to attend training classes for English where one can learn more words to expand ones vocabulary. Having to learn more words makes you able to pronounce them with ease and that can make your communication and speech skills better. While studying English at school, college or university, it is impossible to get an A grade in English, in terms of communication, if you cannot speak the language. Spoken English is used in the best careers, the best universities, and is increasingly being used at job interviews. SPEAKING IN A FORMAL ACADEMIC CONTEXT Speaking within the academic context is becoming an important as teaching methods change to involve more joint projects and group marks. It is therefore important to try to be more aware of what is involved in seminar or group activity and to learn some of the interactional language that is used there. It is important to practice making presentations, taking part in discussions on academic topics and so on. As a university or college student, you are learning how to speak formally with your lecturers in the classroom. Learning how to speak in formal term can avoid miscommunication or misunderstanding. Moreover, understanding the characteristics of communication may also help you to become a better communicator in your college, personal life and professional career. Below are the dos and donts in a speaking in a formal academic context; Dos: Speak in a proper English Speak loudly and clearly. Sound confident. Speak slowly to get understanding and respect for what you are saying To make your audience feel involved, use your eye contact and body language Donts: Dont speak in broken English Dont mumble and sound not confident Dont read word by word from your text Dont waste your audiences time by speaking about something which is not relevant to the topic Dont hide behind something and cause the audience not to be able to see you clearly As we understand, there are many definitions of communication. Carl Rogers (1952) defined communication as listening, understanding and interpreting the message; Elizabeth Tierney (1998) defined it as you deliver the message, audience receives, reacts and responds to your message; Julia Wood (2009) defined it as delivering a message through symbols to create and interpret data and Joseph Devito (2009) said that communication is a process where one person or more sends and receives message, distorted by noise, occur within a context, have some effect and provides for feedback. In summary, the definition of communication is the process by which information is exchanged between senders and receivers with the aim of achieving mutual understanding. In communication, there are three models which are; Linear Model Views communication as a straight line where communication process is only in one direction. Laswells (1948) designed communication using the one way process; Shannon and Weavers (1949) added noise as a component between senders and receivers. Interactive Model Schramm (1955) shows that there is still a sender, receiver, message and noise but receiver providing feedback to sender. Both take turns to speak and listen to each other especially in their field experiences. The third model communication however is the one that is most often used; Transactional Model Wood (2001), shows that the elements in communication are interdependent. When we look at people talking to each other, it is easy to see that while we do take turns, sometimes we talk simultaneously or we may talk to one another. David Worley (2008) said there is no time laps sending and receiving message in transactional model. People send and receive message simultaneously, act as senders and receivers at the same time at least two places at once. In the transactional model, two people communicate with multiple messages through what may be multiple channels and with parallel messages. As with other models, the messages may be distorted and the people may be distracted, resulting in misunderstanding that fuels and hinders the model. We often speak in a transactional way, where we exchange messages. In doing so we may also be exchanging values to one another, for example in a greeting where each person gives the other a sense of comfort through a defined transac tional ritual. The actual transaction can be highly dependent on context. For example the transactions between people at home is often quite different between those at work or on the street. The transactional character between teacher and student is worth noting. They influence each other. We have all had teachers that seem to treat us with disfavor. The result is that we may react negatively to being treated as such. Ironically, the negative responses reinforce the teachers original attitudes and expectation. This is also quite evident in children/parent relationships. Parenting is not based just on what parents think they should do. Children influence parents just as much as parents influence their children. Public speaking is the way of delivering a speech in front of an audience. Speaking in front of a group of people takes a lot of bravery and detailed preparation. To be a good public speaker one needs skills and strategies. Public speaking skills are the key to success in almost any profession. Public speaking skills are important not only in making professional presentations but also to build professional network. Whether it is small talk or academic presentation, the ability to present oneself effectively is a deciding factor of career related success in academics. With a few strategies, it is possible to reach the set goals respectively. To make the presentation effective, the presenter must consider a few elements and the most important element is the audience. You need to know your audiences characteristic and the diversity of the audience. It is very important to know your audience in delivering your speech. Before the speech, you will analyze your audience more than while you are actually presenting the speech (Grice Skinner, 2007). The types of information needed in audience analysis are stated as below; Age to consider the age range because there is a need to use information that is familiar to the listeners; Gender men and women share a broad range of experiences and different socialization, topic can be made relevant to both genders; Education the audience has a variety of educational backgrounds and it is can affect the topic chosen to spoken about and how to approach the topic; Professional the audience has a variety of professional backgrounds. Needs to know the job requirement for each employee and not confuse a topic with a professional function; Level of Knowledge and Experience the presenter must know the knowledge and experience level of the audience so that the presenter can better focus on the presentation and deliver information using the right level of detail. Languages It is an important medium of exchange between presenter and audience. Do not talk down to the audience and avoid oversimplifying the examples. The choice of language will either benefit or interrupt learning. If the latter occurs it could obstruct the interaction between you and an audience (Garmston Wellman, 1992). PREPARING AN ORAL PRESENTATION Delivering an effective oral presentation needs good preparation. Preparing for an oral presentation is as important as delivering the presentation. If your preparation is not good enough, your goal for your message to be clear, organized and well thought out cannot be achieved. In order to prepare an oral presentation, you need to; Choose a topic that you are understand and are familiar with and your audience can easily understand. Study your topic and use other sources such as internet, books, articles and experts to enhance your presentation. The topic should be interesting, easy to search and locate reliable sources. Verify the purpose of presentation because oral presentation has so many topics and varies. It is depends on the message that you will deliver. Analyze the audience and know their expectations. Think about their age, values, gender, education and knowledge level. Structuring your presentation structure your presentation by giving an introduction, main ideas and conclusion. Structuring your presentation can avoid confusion and frustration to the audience. Introduction inform your topic and explain to the audience what your presentation will cover. Provide an outline of the main points. You also can provide any necessary background to make your presentation more interesting. A good introduction will capture an audience attention. Main ideas/content develop your main points and give an example and evidence. Make sure that your information is well-structured and provide clear connections between main points, explanations and examples. Conclusion summarise your main points and do not give any new information in the conclusion. Restate the main points to show that you have covered all the points and achieved your aim to deliver the message effectively. Invite the audience to questions and re-answer the question. Organize the topics information and your material, write a draft and summarise it in card notes. You must be able to understand your card notes in order to deliver them to an audience. Make your card notes easy to see and read. Use your card notes as a guide to help you remember what needs to be said. Think about the length of time you have to speak and the amount of information you can include. Plan and prepare your visual aids. Learn the use of Powerpoint well before your presentation. Do the simple visual aids and do not confuse your audience with unnecessary use of animation, sound clips or colors which are not connected to your topic. Examples; Your visual aids should help the audience understand the topic better. Rehearse your presentation in an environment that is similar to where you will be giving your presentation and get its length right. Practice in front of your friends or family and use your visual aids. You also can tape yourself so that you can identify your areas of weakness and improve on it. Practice and time your presentation by using a stopwatch in order to make sure that your presentation does not exceed the time limit or is too short. MAKING AN EFFECTIVE ORAL PRESENTATION Making an effective oral presentation involves focusing on the needs of your audience, careful planning and good delivery of your speech. An important step when you give your presentation is how you introduce or begin your topic of presentation. The introduction is important because it is used to lure audience to listening to what you have to say. The purpose is to catch the attention of your audience. Make your introduction as brief as possible because long introductions tend to bore the audience. The main aim of speech introduction is to introducing speech topic and its purpose. Begin your introduction speech with the following; Greet your audience with a sincere smile. It should start with a courtesy greeting such as good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Introduce your name again even though you are already been introduced. Saying your name personalizes things and affords you some time to focus your thoughts on your speech. The first line must contain information about you. Ask the audience a rhetorical question. Do not expect it to be answered by your audience. Actually you use the question to set the outline for your speech. You give an answer and then build the interest. Make a very controversial statement. Start your speech by telling the audience something that they do not know. It can be an interesting statistic or a controversial idea. Provoking the thoughts of the audience will keep them interested to hear your upcoming speech. Give a definition of an expert to enhance your credibility. You also can use definitions from dictionaries or other authoritative sources. If you use this technique make sure you find an interesting definition and deliver it with impact. Ask a proactive question which allows the audience to become part of the speech. You are sure of grabbing their attention with a question especially if it is related to the subject matter of the presentation. Starting your speech with a question helps to engage your audience mentally as they will seek to find answers to the question you asked even if you do not specifically request a response from them. In your presentation, when presenting the content or the middle of your speech, you need to respect your audiences aptitude for facts, figures and data without patronizing the audience with gimmicks. You need to deliver the information they want to hear such as the definition of terms, describing the situation, facts, figure, references or examples. Concluding speeches are also very important in your oral presentation. A good conclusion sensibly reinforces your ideas and enhances your speech. You can conclude your speech by a restatement of your speech, summarize main points in a brief and concise manner and use references but do not use the same device in the conclusion. When you are presenting in front of your audience, it is very important to know how you are being perceived. Below are the tips on how to make your presentation more effective; Body Language adopt a confident posture. Walk confidently to the stage for your speech. Standing, walking or moving around with arms relaxed at the side Appearance Dress professionally depending on where you are presenting. Be aware of your dress according to the dress code of society who will be your audience. Dress nicely and groom yourself before make the presentation Voice speak in a loud, clear voice with correct pronunciation. Use standard language to make sure that your audience will understand clearly and deliver the message effectively. Adjust your voice accordingly to make sure that everyone can hear your speech. Avoid speaking too fast or continuously without pause. The pause can allow yourself and the audience time to reflect and think. CONCLUSION Oral presentation plays an important part in the assessment especially in the academic context. It is an effective tool to support your success in your future career. Oral presentation skills can enhance your confidence level to become a better communicator in college, personal life and professional career. To make sure that your oral presentation is effective, it is so important to plan the presentation with good preparation. Be well organized and confident of the content. Be aware of your body language when presenting your speech. Be an effective presenter by planning your speech, preparing good visual aids and understanding clearly all areas of the presentation.

Restricted Fund Methods

Restricted Fund Method * Organizations that follow restricted fund method present a general fund and one or more restricted funds. * The main purpose of the restricted fund is to record the receipt and the use of the resources from that fund that are subject to restrictions. * This method requires that a general fund be used to report changes in unrestricted net assets. Recognition of endowment contributions: * The endowments contributions are recognized as revenue of the endowment fund in the current period. The only revenue that is reported in the endowment fund is the endowment contribution and the net investment income that is subject to external restrictions. * Any allocation of internal resources to the endowment fund would be accounted for as interfund transfers. * The endowment fund balance at the end represents the accumulation of resources subject to both external and internal restrictions and they should be permanently maintained. * Net investment income earned on resource s held for endowments would be recognized based on if the investment income is restricted or not. Recognition of Restricted Contributions reported in restricted funds: * Restricted contribution for which a restricted fund is present should be recognized as revenue of that fund in the current period. * There can be more than one restricted fund. However, each restricted fund would accumulate resources that are restricted for similar purposes. * Contributions that are restricted should be accounted for the same way on consistent basis. A change in restricted fund is considered to be a change in accounting policy. The restricted fund balance at the reporting date represents the accumulation of resources that are subject to restrictions. * Any allocations of internally restricted resources to a restricted fund are known as interfund transfers. Recognition of Restricted Contributions reported in General funds: * Restricted Contributions for which no restricted fund is present should be recognized in general fund. * The general fund account’s purpose is to account for both unres tricted revenues and restricted contributions for which there is no restricted fund. The restricted contribution reported in general fund would be recognized in the same manner as under deferral method. * If the organization decides to establish a fund for a specific restricted contribution it would be considered a change in accounting policy. The financial statements of the previous years would have to be restated if similar contributions for which the fund is established had been reported in general funds in prior years. Recognition of Unrestricted Contributions: * They should be recognized as revenue of the general fund in current period. * The unrestricted contributions are available for use to the organization. The excess of revenues over expenses in the general fund represents the increase in unrestricted net assets. * Unrestricted resources may be allocated to a restricted fund and this would be considered an interfund transfer.

Why Should the Factor of Political Stability Be at the Very Top of the List of Criteria Used to Evaluate the Attractiveness of Potential Foreign Investments?

Why should the factor of political stability be at the very top of the list of criteria used to evaluate the attractiveness of potential foreign investments? There are several issues that should be considered when evaluating the attractiveness of a potential foreign investment. Among them we can stress three main groups of criteria: general market risks, commercial risks and political risks (the ones in focus in this essay).Political risks are caused by changes in a country’s political structure or policies and, according to Hollensen (2007) ownership, operating and transfer risks are the main types that a marketer can face. Restrictions in repatriation of profits, change of government party, civil strife, revolution and wars can threat the attractiveness of a certain market. J. Eli Margolis (Estimating State Instability 2012) tried to create a method that could help warning such problems as the ‘Arabic Spring’.As we know today, it is not merely cheap labor that F DI is constantly seeking: political considerations must join the economic ones so the investment has the chance to be succeeded. As an example, we can talk about the Solomon Islands: after serious civil turbulence, law and order were restored and political and economic situation started improving gradually. However, political instability remained a challenge and so, a key obstacle in attracting foreign direct investment into the country. Trade Policy review-WTO). Despite all this evidence we can always find different opinions. According to Peter D. Bennett and Robert T. Green (JMR 1972), political instability can be considered as a primary consideration in foreign investment decisions only within combined contexts of region and economic development and not as a general reason. Risk is not just about the possibility of losing market share or profits. Politic stability is extremely important.Taking the Irish case as an example, their aspiration to be free from British dependency resul ted in a policy of strong macroeconomic stability and honest bureaucracy. As a result, nowadays more than half of the Irish economy is foreign owned. There is political risk in every nation but also a wide range of procedures that countries can adopt to become more attractive to foreign investment ( E. g. Ease or resolve instability through humanitarian or government aid – S. Korean/ N.Korean 1999). In conclusion, I can say that terrorism and corruption are great threats for FI but there is always a way to face the situation and succeed. A detailed analyses of the host market and anticipation of certain risks is essential for the success of the investment and that is why the factor of political stability should be at the very top of the list of criteria used to evaluate the attractiveness of potential foreign investments. Filipa Florencio 26/03/2013

Smoking and Habitual Behaviors essays

Smoking and Habitual Behaviors essays Triggers have long been associated with habitual behaviors like smoking. When trying to quit a habit, individuals must often remove so-called triggers from their environment. Triggers for smoking may include sitting at a smokey bar; spending time with friends who still smoke; or getting into an argument with a coworker. Newly smoke-free individuals and those trying to quit may be especially vulnerable to triggers because they have yet to form new habits. Self-control weakens in the face of the trigger because of the overriding rationales about why smoking at that moment is appropriate. The person temporarily forgets that their goal is to quit. However, triggers might also affect persons who have been smoke-free for many years. A research study that demonstrated the effects of triggerseither old ones or newly created oneson smoking relapses would be an interesting study. Researchers could solicit participants who reported a recent relapse in their smoking behavior to study how and why those individuals temporarily lost their self-control. Many people smoke moderately or only in social situations such as when drinking. Research has not focused on moderate smoking but mainly on habitual smoking. Because many people find that occasional tobacco does not lead to compulsive smoking behaviors, a research design that examined the differences between moderate and habitual smokers would be helpful, especially as the study would lend insight into different ways of controlling the habit. The study could start by recruiting willing participants who were already self-described as moderate or as heavy smokers. A survey instrument might be useful in finding out what personality factors or belief systems could be variables in whether or not the person becomes a habitual smoker or not. Also, interviews with the moderate smokers might reveal keys to why they can use self-control with their smoking habit whereas heavy smokers seem unable to control ...

Code of Conduct Essay Example

Code of Conduct Essay Example Code of Conduct Essay Code of Conduct Essay Public office is a public trust. It is the policy of the State to advance a high criterion of moralss in public service. Public functionaries and employees shall at all times be accountable to the people and shall dispatch their responsibilities with extreme duty. unity. competency. and trueness. act with nationalism and justness. lead modest lives. and uphold public involvement over personal involvement. RULE I NORMS OF BEHAVIOR Section 1. Norms of Conduct/Behavior of NBI Officials and Employees. 1. NBI functionaries and employees shall ever continue public involvement over and above personal involvement. All authorities resources and powers of their several offices must be employed and used expeditiously. efficaciously. candidly and economically. peculiarly to avoid wastage in public financess and grosss. 2. NBI functionaries and employees shall execute and dispatch their responsibilities with the highest grade of excellence. professionalism. intelligence and accomplishment. They shall come in public service with extreme devotedness and dedication to responsibility. They shall endeavour to deter incorrect perceptual experiences of their functions as dispensers or pedlars of undue backing. 3. NBI functionaries and employees shall stay true to the people at all times. They must move with rightness and earnestness and shall non know apart against anyone. particularly the hapless and the underprivileged. They shall. at all times. esteem the rights of others and shall forbear from making Acts of the Apostless contrary to jurisprudence. good ethical motives. good imposts. public policy. public order. public safety and public involvement. They shall non distribute or widen undue favours on history of their office to their relations. whether by blood kinship or affinity. except with regard to assignments of such relations to places considered purely confidential or as members of their personal staff whose footings are coextensive with theirs. 4. NBI functionaries and employees shall supply service to everyone without favoritism and regardless of party or spiritual association or penchant. 5. NBI functionaries and employees shall widen prompt. gracious. and equal service to the populace. Unless otherwise provided by jurisprudence or when required by the public involvement. NBI functionaries and employees shall supply information of their policies and processs in clear and apprehensible linguistic communication. carry on public audiences and hearings whenever appropriate. promote suggestions. simplify and systematise policies. regulations and processs. avoid ruddy tape and develop an apprehension and grasp of the socio-economic conditions predominating in the state. particularly in the down rural and urban countries. 6. NBI functionaries and employees shall. at all times. be loyal to the Republic and to the Filipino people. advance the usage of locally produced goods. resources and engineering and promote grasp and pride of state and people. They shall endeavour to keep and support Philippine sovereignty against foreign invasion. 7. NBI functionaries and employees shall. at all times. continue the Constitution and commit themselves to the democratic manner of life and values and maintain the rule of public trust and answerability. 8. NBI functionaries and employees and their households shall take modest lives appropriate to their places and income. They shall non indulge in extravagant or pretentious show of wealth in any signifier. In add-on to Section 1. NBI Agents/Special Research workers are besides obliged to: 1. Safeguard lives and belongings ; and protect the inexperienced person against misrepresentation. the weak against subjugation or bullying. and the peaceful against force or upset. 2. Respect the Constitutional rights of all individuals to liberty. equality and justness. 3. Keep their private lives unsullied as an illustration to all. 4. Maintain brave composure in the face of danger. contempt or ridicule. 5. Develop self-restraint. 6. Be invariably aware of the public assistance of others. 7. Be honest in idea and in title. in both their personal and official lives. 8. Keep secret what they hear or see of a confidential nature or that is confided to them in their official capacities. unless disclosure is necessary in the public presentation of their responsibility. 9. Keep personal feelings. biass. animuss or friendly relationships from act uponing their determinations. 10. Enforce the jurisprudence politely and suitably without fright or favour. maliciousness or ailment will. without using unneeded force or force. and without accepting tips. 11. Be model by obeying the Torahs of the land. 12. Never use unneeded force or force. 13. Acknowledge their badge of office as a symbol of public religion and accept it as a public trust. to be held so long as they are true to the moralss of the jurisprudence enforcement service. 3Public office is a public trust. It is the policy of the State to advance a high criterion of moralss in public service. Public functionaries and employees shall at all times be accountable to the people and shall dispatch their responsibilities with extreme duty. unity. competency. and trueness. act with nationalism and justness. lead modest lives. and uphold public involvement over personal involvement. RULE I NORMS OF BEHAVIOR Section 1. Norms of Conduct/Behavior of NBI Officials and Employees. 1. NBI functionaries and employees shall ever continue public involvement over and above personal involvement. All authorities resources and powers of their several offices must be employed and used expeditiously. efficaciously. candidly and economically. peculiarly to avoid wastage in public financess and grosss. 2. NBI functionaries and employees shall execute and dispatch their responsibilities with the highest grade of excellence. professionalism. intelligence and accomplishment. They shall come in public service with extreme devotedness and dedication to responsibility. They shall endeavour to deter incorrect perceptual experiences of their functions as dispensers or pedlars of undue backing. 3. NBI functionaries and employees shall stay true to the people at all times. They must move with rightness and earnestness and shall non know apart against anyone. particularly the hapless and the underprivileged. They shall. at all times. esteem the rights of others and shall forbear from making Acts of the Apostless contrary to jurisprudence. good ethical motives. good imposts. public policy. public order. public safety and public involvement. They shall non distribute or widen undue favours on history of their office to their relations. whether by blood kinship or affinity. except with regard to assignments of such relations to places considered purely confidential or as members of their personal staff whose footings are coextensive with theirs. 4. NBI functionaries and employees shall supply service to everyone without favoritism and regardless of party or spiritual association or penchant. 5. NBI functionaries and employees shall widen prompt. gracious. and equal service to the populace. Unless otherwise provided by jurisprudence or when required by the public involvement. NBI functionaries and employees shall supply information of their policies and processs in clear and apprehensible linguistic communication. carry on public audiences and hearings whenever appropriate. promote suggestions. simplify and systematise policies. regulations and processs. avoid ruddy tape and develop an apprehension and grasp of the socio-economic conditions predominating in the state. particularly in the down rural and urban countries. 6. NBI functionaries and employees shall. at all times. be loyal to the Republic and to the Filipino people. advance the usage of locally produced goods. resources and engineering and promote grasp and pride of state and people. They shall endeavour to keep and support Philippine sovereignty against foreign invasion. 7. NBI functionaries and employees shall. at all times. continue the Constitution and commit themselves to the democratic manner of life and values and maintain the rule of public trust and answerability. 8. NBI functionaries and employees and their households shall take modest lives appropriate to their places and income. They shall non indulge in extravagant or pretentious show of wealth in any signifier. Section 2. Norms of Conduct/Behavior of NBI Operatives. In add-on to Section 1. NBI Agents/Special Research workers are besides obliged to: 1. Safeguard lives and belongings ; and protect the inexperienced person against misrepresentation. the weak against subjugation or bullying. and the peaceful against force or upset. 2. Respect the Constitutional rights of all individuals to liberty. equality and justness. 3. Keep their private lives unsullied as an illustration to all. 4. Maintain brave composure in the face of danger. contempt or ridicule. 5. Develop self-restraint. 6. Be invariably aware of the public assistance of others. 7. Be honest in idea and in title. in both their personal and official lives. 8. Keep secret what they hear or see of a confidential nature or that is confided to them in their official capacities. unless disclosure is necessary in the public presentation of their responsibility. 9. Keep personal feelings. biass. animuss or friendly relationships from act uponing their determinations. 10. Enforce the jurisprudence politely and suitably without fright or favour. maliciousness or ailment will. without using unneeded force or force. and without accepting tips. 11. Be model by obeying the Torahs of the land. 12. Never use unneeded force or force. 13. Acknowledge their badge of office as a symbol of public religion and accept it as a public trust. to be held so long as they are true to the moralss of the jurisprudence enforcement service. 3

Georgia Dome Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Georgia Dome - Research Paper Example Moreover, in the year 2000, the Super Bowl XXXIV was held at the Dome and each year, the Chick Fil-A Bowl, the Bank of America Atlanta Football Classic and the SEC Football Championships and similar events are hosted. Furthermore, it is the site where NCAA Men’s Basketball Final Four was held in the years 2002 and 2007. In addition, through out the year several sports events such as tennis matches, basket ball games, track and field events and Supercross events are held at the Georgia Dome. The Dome is considered as the home of the famous Atlanta Falcons. The Dome is specially designed to be capable of hosting non sports events as well, such as annual trade shows and religious events. For tourists and sports lovers, ranges of behind the scene tours are available at nominal prices. Such tours are available on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. The stadium is oval shaped and this ensures a good view from each of its71, 500 seats. Parking is quite expensive and limited so it is a g ood idea to prefer walking to the Dome instead. The Dome is easily accessible through rail and road. (Gramercy Books, 2006). The responsibility of operating the Georgia Dome, the 21 acre Centennial Olympic Park and Georgia World Congress Centre is undertaken by the Georgia World Congress Centre Authority. Georgia Dome is one of the World’s largest State owned, sports, entertainment and convention center facilities. Atlanta’s Hypar-Tensgrity Georgia Dome is a domed stadium that is supported by cables and was opened to the world in the year 1992. The construction of the combined sports facility was funded by the Georgia General Assembly, and is considered as Atlanta’s largest state funded construction project. During the construction of the Dome, 8,300 tons of reinforced steel was used and approximately 110,000 cubic yards of concrete was used. The Dome occupies a total area of 8.9 acres and has seven levels each of which is of 1.6 million square feet. The height of the Georgia

Property law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Property law - Essay Example Therefore, the valuer or surveyor’s only real obligation is to the truth, in that the appraisal must be accurate and not inflated. There are a number of factors that goes into this, as discussed below. Moreover, real estate agents and brokers also have a duty to the truth. This means that they, like the surveyors and valuers, must do extensive research before selling a house, and if they make a material omission or false statement of fact, they will be liable, and this liability is strict. This means that there is liability, regardless of whether the statement is innocent, negligent, reckless or intentional. Therefore, anybody in real estate has a duty to anybody who might be affected by their statements or appraisals, which means that anybody in real estate has the duty to do a thorough and diligent search before committing themselves to selling a house, in the case of real estate agents, or valuing a house, in the case of surveyors or valuers. Two Types of Liability The Prop erty Misdescriptions Act 1991 is an Act that governs many different types of ethical breaches a surveyor might encounter or commit. It states that, when a real estate professional makes a false or misleading statement during the course of a business transaction, the person who made the statement is guilty of an offence under this Act (Property Misrepresentations Act 1991 Â § 1(1)). The same goes for an employee – if an employee makes a false or misleading statement during the course of a business transaction, that employee can be guilty under the Act, whether or not the employer is involved with the breach (Property Misrepresentations Act 1991 Â § 1(2)). The misleading statement must also be material, not trivial, and this is judged by the perspective of the reasonable person (Property Misrepresentations Act 1991). Whether or not the statement is misleading is also judged from the perspective of a reasonable person (Property Misrepresentations Act 1991). Moreover, the Act i s one of strict liability, which means that any statement can be actionable, not just statements that are negligent, reckless or intentional (Property Misrepresentations Act 1991). Therefore, under the Property Misrepresentations Act, a real estate professional, any real estate professional, must be very careful with what they tell prospective buyers. Because the Act is one of strict liability, which means that a real estate professional can still be found guilty under this Act, even if that professional is not aware that the statement that he or she is making is false, that means that one of the major responsibilities that a real estate professional has is the duty to ensure that their statements are true and that there are no material omissions. This would mean that extensive research must be done during any transaction, including title searches, surveys, accurate property appraisals and the like. That said, surveyors may be at risk of negligence. According Murdoch (2005) surveyor s may be guilty of negligence when they do not use skill in preparing their reports and the homeowner relied upon the surveyor’s report (Murdoch, 2005, p. 1). Historically, however, the homeowner would not be able to recover damages from the surveyor, as there was no privity of contract between the homeowner and the surveyor. The privity of contra